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German Idealism takes from Kant the idea of a “Reason” master of the totality of being (God, world and man), which works to expose the coherence of Nature (or world). This mastery implies the autonomy and self-foundation of Reason vis-à-vis … Read More
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One can distinguish during the modern period preceding Kant two antagonistic forms of idealism: a rationalist idealism and an empiricist idealism. The first, oriented towards the concepts of reason, developed essentially between the middle of the 17th century, after René … Read More
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Semantics determines the rules for interpreting propositions. Assigning truth values to each of the elementary propositions intervening in a proposition amounts to choosing a model of this proposition. More precisely, if we place ourselves in classical logic, the interpretation of … Read More
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(A pair of Van Gogh’s shoes, the subject of Heidegger’s commentary in the text on the origin of the work of art (1935).) Appearing in the 20th century, these are the main movements of contemporary aesthetics. They are part of … Read More
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Identity theory In the context of the philosophy of mind, psychophysical identity designates the assumed logical equivalence between expressions or descriptions pertaining to the vocabulary of psychology and concepts pertaining to the vocabulary of the physical and natural sciences. In … Read More
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The most powerful scientific statements are usually those offering the broadest scope of application; Newton’s third law (on the equal reciprocal attraction of heavy bodies) is the perfect example. But it is obviously not possible for scientists to test each … Read More
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Related philosophical concepts Sometimes are also used the terms: cogitatio: the act of thinking; cogitatum: the object of a thought; (res)cogitans: the thinker, the thinking thing (often denoting the soul). The subject Descartes’ philosophy is still very much on the … Read More
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(Political regimes around the world (2022) Republics Full presidential republics Republics with an executive presidency elected by or nominated by the legislature Semi-presidential republics Parliamentary republics Republics where the constitution grants the right to govern only to a single party … Read More
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Anti-speciesist criticism corresponds more broadly to that of “post-humanism”, which has known a certain development with the social sciences which draw their source from Rousseauist thought and of which Claude Lévi-Strauss is, for example, the most illustrious representative : “It … Read More
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Although many philosophers regard consequentialism as the quintessential moral theory, it is not the only moral theory. Criticisms leveled at it by proponents of other moral theories may have helped shape the forms consequentialism has taken in recent work. Deontology … Read More
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