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The term post-structuralism denotes different approaches and methods in the humanities and social sciences, which first emerged in France at the end of the 1960s and which deal critically in different ways with the relationship between linguistic practice and social reality. The decisive factor here is the view that language not only … Read More
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Neoplatonism is a philosophical doctrine, developed by Platonists of late Antiquity as a result of mid-Platonism. Philo of Alexandria is the precursor of this movement towards 40, then it develops in Rome from 232 by Ammonios Saccas, master of Plotinus, … Read More
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Relativism is a “movement of thought that has spanned the centuries since Greco-Roman Antiquity” (Raymond Boudon), to designate a set of varied doctrines which have in common the defense of the thesis according to which the meaning and value of … Read More
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(Fontaine, by Marcel Duchamp, 1917. The analytical aesthetic is constructed from a reflection on conceptual art and pop art.) Analytic aesthetics is a philosophical stream that emerged in the 1950s in the English-speaking world, which particularly studies notions related to … Read More
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The “argument from analogy” is an argument which compares two ratios, that is to say four terms, in a crossed reasoning, of the type ”if a is to b what c is to d”. It is therefore a matter of … Read More
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Phenomenology (from the Greek: φαινόμενον (phainómenon), “what appears”; and λόγος (lógos), “study”) is a current of thought of the twentieth century founded by Edmund Husserl with the aim of making philosophy a scientific discipline. It takes its name from its … Read More
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Negative freedom Negative freedom, or freedom ”from”, or freedom as an absence of impediment, indicates within the political terminology the possibility that someone has to act without anyone intervening to hinder him or even the decision to remain passive without … Read More
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In the old days, many people thought that animals couldn’t feel anything and therefore had no self-interest. Many Cartesians seem to have taken this view, although according to John Cottingham, Descartes himself did not defend such a point of view. … Read More
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Criticisms of utilitarianism come from different authors, from various currents of anti-utilitarian thought as well as from various social movements such as environmental movements and alter-globalist movements. Indifference to inequality In its cardinal versions, total or average utilitarianism, utilitarianism does … Read More
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